The evidence problem here is structural rather than a matter of one weak study. The human claims for the Khavinson peptide bioregulators rest on a small body of largely non-randomized work published mostly within a single journal family, roughly half of it in Russian and unavailable in English translation. The flagship human mortality finding has never been independently replicated outside Russia. The Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation's independent review notes that essentially every preclinical and clinical result traces back to Khavinson's own group with no independent confirmation. A 2025 in-vitro study from Brunel University London did independently support the telomerase mechanism in human cell lines, which is genuinely notable, but it is a cell-culture study that replicates no clinical claim and it carried a published figure correction. Epitalon carries the widest marketing-to-evidence gap in this family, because the claims made for it, telomerase activation and extended human lifespan, are the most extraordinary and rest on the least independently verified data.